The Neuroscience of Depression: Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment

초록

Recent studies have identified many functional brain networks by monitoring brain activity during specific tasks or during resting state, including the default mode network, the salience network, and the central executive network. These identified networks have been considered the “core” neurocognitive networks involved in depressive disorder. Reports from functional magnetic resonance imaging research indicate specific pathophysiological changes during resting state in depressive disorder. These findings have been summarized according to the specific age groups—childhood and adolescence, and adulthood, including late life. There is also evidence indicating similarly altered functional connectivity in children and adults with major depressive disorder. However, it is not yet clear whether both children and adults with depression demonstrate the same pathophysiological changes. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.