기후변화에 따른 실내 미생물 위해성의 AI 기반 감시ㆍ예측 전략

초록

Background: Given that many people today spend most of their time indoors, indoor environmental quality is a major public health concern. Climate change is altering indoor conditions by raising temperatures, increasing fluctuations in humidity, and intensifying extreme weather. These changes affect indoor microbial communities and chemical pollutant exposures, suggesting a need for monitoring approaches going beyond traditional ventilation strategies. Objectives: This review summarizes the impacts of climate change on indoor microbial communities and bioaerosols, their interactions with key chemical pollutants, and the potential use of AI-based systems for integrated monitoring. Methods: A PRISMA-based systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000~2025). Searches covered climate change, indoor air quality, bioaerosols, microbiomes, particulate matter, HVAC systems, and AI-based monitoring. Studies were included if they addressed climate–microbe interactions, pollutant-related microbial or health effects, or AI models for indoor environmental risk prediction. Non–indoor-environment studies, lab-only microbial work, duplicates, and grey literature were excluded. Results: Climate change was associated with shifts in indoor microbial ecosystems, including increases in pathogenic fungi, bacteria, allergens, and viral persistence. High temperature and humidity with poor ventilation created microecological high-risk zones. Chemical pollutants strengthened these effects by extending microbial survival or by increasing host susceptibility. AI tools showed high accuracy in microbial detection and reasonable performance in short-term air quality forecasting. Conclusions: Climate change is increasing indoor health risks through combined microbial and chemical exposures. AI-integrated monitoring systems that incorporate real-time environmental, microbial, and chemical data are needed to support future indoor environmental health management.

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