Enhancement of skin longevity through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway modulation by Rohu fish (<i>Labeo rohit</i>a) collagen peptides in chronologically aged hairless mice

초록

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fish collagen peptide (FCP) on improving the skin barrier against chronological aging in 12-month-old hairless mice. From the 9th month, including the age of purchase and the adaptation period, mice were orally administered each treatment for 3 months. The experimental groups included young control (YC, 8-week-old), aged control (CON, 12-month-old), low-dose FCP (FCP-L, 300 mg/kg FCP, 12-month-old), and high-dose FCP (FCP-H, 600 mg/kg FCP, 12-month-old). FCP administration showed significant improvements in skin hydration (p < 0.001) and wrinkle indices (p < 0.001) and reduced transepidermal water loss (p < 0.05) due to chronological aging. In addition, FCP administration significantly increased the expression of skin barrier-related genes and upregulated TGF-beta/Smad signaling proteins. The expression of collagen homeostasis-related factors was also significantly improved in the FCP-H group. Furthermore, FCP reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. LDA scores indicated variations in the gut microbiota among groups, with YC (28), CON (8), FCP-L (6), and FCP-H (21). The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was significantly reversed in the CON group compared to the YC group. At the genus level, the YC had increased levels of Pseudobutyrivibrio sp., Acetivibrio sp., Phocea sp. and Ruminococcus sp. Relative to the CON. Notably, the FCP-H showed elevated levels of Adlercreutzia sp. compared to the CON (p < 0.05). Overall, FCP administration effectively mitigated skin barrier damage caused by chronological aging, regulated key factors involved in skin aging, and contributed to the maintenance of youthful skin, thereby delaying the natural aging process.

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