Associations of changes in socioeconomic and psychological factors with incident and persistent suicidal ideation in young adulthood: A cohort study

초록

Aim: We aimed to examine whether changes in socioeconomic and psychological factors are associated with incident and persistent suicidal ideation. Methods: We analyzed data from 3695 young adults aged 18–35 years who participated in the Seoul Young Adult Panel Study at baseline (t<inf>1</inf>) and at a 1-year follow-up (t<inf>2</inf>). Incidence was defined as incident suicidal ideation at t<inf>2</inf> among those without ideation at t<inf>1</inf>, and persistence as continued ideation at t<inf>2</inf> among those with ideation at t<inf>1</inf>. Changes in socioeconomic and psychological factors between t<inf>1</inf> and t<inf>2</inf> were considered as exposure factors. A logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between changes in exposure factors and incident/persistent suicidal ideation. Results: Among respondents without suicidal ideation at t<inf>1</inf>, the incident rate of suicidal ideation at t2 was 5.8 %. Respondents who developed financial hardship (odds ratio [OR]: 2.67, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.64, 4.35), low social support (OR: 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.10, 3.22), or depressive symptoms had a higher likelihood of incident suicidal ideation. Those with persistent low social support (OR: 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.04, 2.62), low happiness, or depressive symptoms also showed stronger associations. Among respondents with suicidal ideation at t<inf>1</inf>, the persistent rate at t2 was 55.1 %. Persistent low social support (OR: 1.84, 95 % CI: 1.00, 3.36) and depressive symptoms were associated with a greater likelihood of persistent suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Changes in financial hardship and social support were associated with incident and persistent suicidal ideation. This may inform suicide prevention. However, further research is needed for causality. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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