Cytotoxicity evaluation of dental cements containing resin: Effects of the degree of conversion on cellular responses

초록

Purpose: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of clinically available dental cements containing resin: conventional adhesive resin cement (ARC), self-adhesive resin cement (SARC), and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC), focusing on their degree of conversion (DC) and effects on cellular responses. Methods: The DC of all the groups was measured over two weeks under light-free conditions. Cell viability, morphology, and apoptosis were assessed in gingival fibroblasts, dental pulp stem cells, and macrophage cells after exposure to extracts from specimens with different DC values. Eluate analysis was performed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results: The DC increased rapidly within 20 min for ARC and SARC, reaching a plateau at 24 h, while RMGIC showed a slower increase. ARC and SARC exhibited significant cytotoxicity at lower DC levels, with improved cell viability as DC increased. RMGIC displayed minimal cytotoxicity across all DC levels. Analysis revealed unreacted monomers and other substances contributing to cytotoxicity, with apoptotic effects correlating to their concentration in the eluates. Conclusions: DC significantly influences the cytotoxicity of resin-containing dental cements, with ARC and SARC showing higher cytotoxic effects at lower DC levels compared with RMGIC. Considering DC levels may guide clinicians in minimizing adverse effects when selecting these cements. Dental cements containing resin can release substances that may affect cell viability.

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