Long-Term Health Outcomes in Offspring of Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Study

초록

Background: The long-term health outcomes of children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal IBD on the development of diseases in offspring, including IBD. Methods: This nationwide retrospective study included women who delivered singleton babies at ≧ 37 weeks of gestation between 2003 and 2004 in South Korea. Women who gave birth to low-birth-weight infants were excluded. We assessed disease risks in offspring based on maternal IBD status. Multivariate analysis was conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for future disease risk. Results: Among 542 780 women who gave birth during the study period, 1096 had IBD, whereas 541 684 served as non-IBD controls. Offspring of mothers with IBD had an increased risk of lower respiratory infections (HR 1.124 [95% CI, 1.018–1.242]), asthma (HR 1.209 [1.065–1.372]), atopic dermatitis (HR 1.217 [1.112–1.332]), allergic urticaria (HR 1.276 [1.129–1.443]), and allergic rhinitis (HR 1.151 [1.084–1.222]). Additionally, these children had a significantly higher risk of developing ulcerative colitis (UC) (HR 6.334 [4.391–9.136]) and Crohn's disease (CD) (HR 2.325 [1.463–3.694]). Subgroup analysis revealed that offspring of mothers with CD had increased risks of asthma (HR 1.244 [1.048–1.476]), allergic rhinitis (HR 1.132 [1.043–1.229]), and CD (HR 3.440 [2.035–5.813]). Offspring of mothers with UC were at higher risk for pneumonia (HR 1.332 [1.052–1.687]), gastroenteritis (HR 1.469 [1.152–1.873]), juvenile arthritis (HR 2.872 [1.194–6.909]), atopic dermatitis (HR 1.330 [1.174–1.507]), allergic urticaria (HR 1.391 [1.174–1.647]), allergic rhinitis (HR 1.158 [1.063–1.261]), and UC (HR 11.776 [8.002–17.340]). Conclusion: The offspring of mothers with IBD are at an increased risk of developing allergic and autoimmune disorders, including UC and CD. These findings highlight the need for early monitoring and preventive strategies in this high-risk population.