Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) 9 Outperforms BMP2 in Osteogenesis and Osseointegration: In Vitro and In Vivo

초록

Objectives: This study compared the osteogenic mechanisms and preclinical efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)and BMP2 in vitro and in a beagle peri-implant defect model in vivo. Materials and Methods: In vitro, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were treated with BMP2 or BMP9 to assess osteogenic gene ex-pression (Col1, Runx2, Alp, Ocn) by real-time PCR, Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation by western blotting, and osteogenesis by alkalinephosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining. In vivo, saddle-type peri-implant defects were created in beagle mandibles andtreated with a collagenated xenograft matrix with or without BMP2 or BMP9 (150 μg/site). After 8 weeks, implant stability, mi-cro- CT, histomorphometry, and osseointegration parameters were analyzed. Results: BMP9 significantly enhanced osteogenic gene expression, Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation, ALP activity, and mineraliza-tion compared to BMP2. In vivo, BMP9 yielded the highest implant stability values, greater defect fill, and higher bone volumefraction, bone mineral density, and bone-to-implant contact. Conclusions: BMP9 showed stronger osteoinductive potential than BMP2, resulting in improved bone regeneration and osseo-integration. These findings suggest that BMP9 is a promising growth factor for improving dental implant outcomes.

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