All-cause and cause-specific mortality risks associated with calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D: A nationwide population-based study
- Authors
- Kim, Kyoung Jin; Choi, Jimi; Kim, Kyeong Jin; Kim, Nam Hoon; Kim, Sin Gon
- Issue Date
- Jul-2023
- Publisher
- Blackwell Publishing Inc.
- Keywords
- calcium supplementation; cardiovascular mortality; cohort study; mortality; vitamin D
- Citation
- Journal of Internal Medicine, v.294, no.1, pp 83 - 95
- Pages
- 13
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Volume
- 294
- Number
- 1
- Start Page
- 83
- End Page
- 95
- URI
- https://scholarworks.korea.ac.kr/kumedicine/handle/2021.sw.kumedicine/62973
- DOI
- 10.1111/joim.13643
- ISSN
- 0954-6820
1365-2796
- Abstract
- Background
Current evidence regarding the mortality outcomes associated with calcium supplementation with or without low-dose vitamin D is conflicting.
Objectives
To investigate the effects of calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D on all-cause and cause-specific mortalities in a large-scale cohort.
Methods
This study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance System database and National Death Registry. A total of 27,846 participants aged >55 years who had taken calcium supplements with or without vitamin D for at least 90 days (calcium supplementation only [CaO], n = 6256; calcium supplementation in combination with vitamin D [CaD], n = 21,590) were matched in a 1:1 ratio to those who did not take calcium or vitamin D supplements (control group) using propensity scores.
Results
No difference in all-cause mortality risk was found between the CaO and control groups: (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–1.10). However, all-cause mortality was lower in the CaD group (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80–0.89) compared with that in the control group. Mortality risk associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) was decreased in the CaD group when the daily vitamin D dose received was less than 1000 IU (HR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.64–0.81). Subgroup analysis showed significant effect of vitamin D with calcium in individuals who were female, aged ≥65 years or had previous history of cancer or CVD.
Conclusion
In combination with calcium, vitamin D supplementation provides better outcomes for all-cause mortality, particularly CVD-associated mortality, in a duration-dependent manner.
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- Appears in
Collections - 2. Clinical Science > Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism > 1. Journal Articles
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