Investigating the regenerative effects of folic acid on human amniotic epithelial stem cells and amniotic pore culture technique (APCT) model in vitro using an integrated pharmacological-bioinformatic approach

Abstract

Introduction Disruption of fetal membranes before the onset of labor is referred to as premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Lack of maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation reportedly leads to PROM. However, there is a lack of information on the location of FA receptors in the amniotic tissue. Additionally, the regulatory role and potential molecular targets of FA in PROM in vitro have rarely been investigated.

Methods The three FA receptors (folate receptor α isoform [FRα], transporter of reduced folate [RFC], and proton-coupled folate transporter [PCFT]) in human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) and amniotic tissue were localized using immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry staining. Effect and mechanism analyses of FA were performed in hAESCs and amniotic pore culture technique (APCT) models. An integrated pharmacological-bioinformatics approach was utilized to explore the potential targets of FA for the treatment of PROM.

Results The three FA receptors were widely expressed in human amniotic tissue, especially in the hAESC cytoplasm. FA stimulated the amnion regeneration in the in vitro APCT model. This mimics the PROM status, in which cystathionine-β-synthase, an FA metabolite enzyme, may play an important role. The top ten hub targets (STAT1, mTOR, PIK3R1, PTPN11, PDGFRB, ABL1, CXCR4, NFKB1, HDAC1, and HDAC2) of FA for preventing PROM were identified using an integrated pharmacological–bioinformatic approach.

Discussion FRα, RFC, and PCFT are widely expressed in human amniotic tissue and hAESCs. FA aids the healing of ruptured membrane.